An alternative approach to study the changes in the cancer pattern of men in India (1988-2005).

Abstract

Background: Changes in cancer pattern are often studied with regard to rank of leading sites, variation in age adjusted rates of sites over the time or with the help of time trends. However, these methods do not quantify the changes in relation to overall changes that occurred in the total cancer cases over the period of time. An alternative approach is therefore necessary, particularly to identify emerging new cancers. Methods: The cancer incidence data of various sites for men, over the periods 1988-90 and 2003-05 in India, for five urban registries namely Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai, functioning under the network of National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR), formed the sources of data for the present analysis. Changes in incidence cases by various cancer sites for men are assessed by calculating the differences in incidence cases over the two period of time. Based on the contribution of each site to total change, the ten most leading sites are identified separately for each registry. The relative changes in the sites with time are taken to identify the most emerging new cancer cases over the period of time. Results: The pooled cancer cases for men among five urban registries increased from 30042 cases in 1988-90 to 46946 cases in 2003-05 registering an increase of about 55.8%. The lowest percentage of increase is observed in the registry of Mumbai (25.6%) and the maximum in Bhopal (96.4%). Based on the pooled figures of five urban registries, the lung cancer contributed the maximum % change (9.7%), followed by cancer of prostate (9.2%), mouth (7.5%), tongue (5.9%) and NHL (5.9%). Based on the pooled figures and the relative changes, the emerging new cancers are prostate (140%), liver (112%) and mouth (95%). The % change by sites and the emerging new cancers varied between the registries.

Are oral and dental diseases linked to cancer?

Abstract

Oral Diseases (2011) doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01837.x Objective:  Infection and inflammation play a role in carcinogenesis, and highly prevalent oral and dental diseases have been significantly linked to some types of cancer. This article reviews current literature in this area. Materials and Methods:  Open literature review using the PubMed database and focused on publications from 2000 to 2010. Results:  Numerous potential mechanisms are implicated in the oral disease/carcinogenesis paradigm, including infection- and inflammation-associated cell pathology and microbial carcinogen metabolism. Poor oral hygiene is associated with oral cancer, but there is also evidence of a possible link between oral or dental infections and malignancies in general. Conclusion:  Oral infections may trigger malignant transformation in tissues of the mouth and other organs. However, scientific evidence to date remains weak and further well-conducted studies are warranted before cancer can be properly added to the list of oral infection-related systemic diseases.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

PMID:

21819493

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Nicotine dependence phenotype, time to first cigarette, and risk of head and neck cancer.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A behavioral phenotype that characterizes nicotine dependence, the time to first cigarette after waking, is hypothesized to increase the risk of head and neck cancer.

METHODS:

A case-control study of histologically confirmed head and neck cancer was conducted that included 1055 cases and 795 controls with a history of cigarette smoking.

RESULTS:

The pack-years-adjusted odds ratio was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02-1.99) for an interval of 31 minutes to 60 minutes to first cigarette after waking and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19-2.11) for an interval of 1 minute to 30 minutes. The risk estimates were similar when smoking was modeled as total years, smoking status (current vs former), number of cigarettes smoked per day, years since quitting, and excess odds ratio. Findings were consistent for cancers of the floor of the mouth, palate, and pharynx.

CONCLUSIONS:

Time to first cigarette is an indicator of increased nicotine dependence, smoke uptake, and risk of head and neck cancer. This high-risk group of individuals would benefit from targeted smoking interventions. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Copyright © 2011 American Cancer Society.

PMID:

21826643

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Campaign awareness and oral cancer knowledge in UK resident adult Bangladeshi: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background:This study reports awareness of the 'Open up to Mouth Cancer' campaign materials and oral cancer knowledge among two UK adult Bangladeshi communities, both at high risk for oral cancer.Methods:Differences in the outcomes of campaign awareness and knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and early signs were compared between campaign and comparison areas. Home-based interviews were conducted with representative samples from both areas by bilingual interviewers. Data collected included a modified 36-item Humphris Oral Cancer Knowledge Scale and socio-demographic information. The data were collected 4 weeks after the campaign completion and analysed using χ(2)-tests and binary logistic regressions.Results:The response rate was 77%. Both awareness of the campaign materials (29.99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.82, 46.99) vs 8.12% (95% CI 6.16, 10.62)) and the mean Humphris Oral Cancer Knowledge Scale scores (13.32 (95% CI 11.06, 15.57) vs 8.27 (95% CI 6.59, 9.94)) were higher in the campaign area. The campaign area sample was significantly more likely to be aware of the materials (odds ratio (OR)=6.03, 95% CI 3.00, 12.1).Conclusion:Superior awareness and oral cancer knowledge was identified in the community with access to the campaign materials. Further evaluation to identify long-term campaign impact is required.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 23 August 2011; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.317 www.bjcancer.com.

Tobacco-induced cancer on the rise

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: As many as 30 percent of the cancer patients admitted to the Regional Cancer Centre in the last five years, were afflicted with the disease because of the indiscriminate use of pan masala. This was revealed by the RCC, in answers to the queries raised by PK Raju, a member of the Hospital Development Society of the SAT Hospital through Right to Information Act.
Read more at 
http://expressbuzz.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/tobacco-induced-cancer-on-the-rise/306467.html

Tobacco causing 50 per cent neck cancer: Study

Tobacco causing 50 per cent neck cancer: Study